| pi | Pi | math.pi | 3.1415926535898 |
| abs | Absolute value | math.abs(-2012) | 2012 |
| ceil | Round up | math.ceil(9.1) | 10 |
| floor | Round down | math.floor(9.9) | 9 |
| max | Maximum of args | math.max(2,4,6,8) | 8 |
| min | Minimum of args | math.min(2,4,6,8) | 2 |
| x^y | x to the y power (Lua 5.3 removed math.pow; use the ^ operator instead) | 2^16 | 65536.0 |
| sqrt | Square root | math.sqrt(65536) | 256.0 |
| modf | Integer and fraction parts | math.modf(20.12) | 20 0.12 |
| randomseed | Set random seed | math.randomseed(os.time()) | |
| random | Random number | math.random(5,90) | 5~90 |
| rad | Degrees to radians | math.rad(180) | 3.1415926535898 |
| deg | Radians to degrees | math.deg(math.pi) | 180.0 |
| exp | e to the x | math.exp(4) | 54.598150033144 |
| log | Natural log of x | math.log(54.598150033144) | 4.0 |
| log (with base) | Log with given base (Lua 5.3 removed math.log10; use math.log(x, 10) instead) | math.log(1000, 10) | 3.0 |
| frexp | Decompose to x * (2 ^ y) | math.frexp(160) | 0.625 8 |
| ldexp | Compute x * (2 ^ y) | math.ldexp(0.625,8) | 160.0 |
| sin | Sine | math.sin(math.rad(30)) | 0.5 |
| cos | Cosine | math.cos(math.rad(60)) | 0.5 |
| tan | Tangent | math.tan(math.rad(45)) | 1.0 |
| asin | Arcsine | math.deg(math.asin(0.5)) | 30.0 |
| acos | Arccosine | math.deg(math.acos(0.5)) | 60.0 |
| atan | Arctangent | math.deg(math.atan(1)) | 45.0 |